민족의 장래를 청년에게 걸었던 3.1운동의 33인 민족대표
월당(月塘) 최성모(崔聖模) 목사
월당(月塘) 최성모(崔聖模) 목사는 1874년 1월 9일에 서울 안국동에서 최영칠(崔永七)씨의 독자로 출생했다. 3백년 이상 서울 북촌에서 살아온 선비의 가문에서 태어난 월당은 15세에 과거에 급제하여 진사가 되었으나, 벼슬할 생각은 없고 그저 집에 들어앉아 책이나 읽으면서 청년기의 울분을 달래었다.
그러다가 28세 되던 해 어느날, 친구 이필주(李弼柱, 33인 민족대표)씨와 함께 상동교회 문 앞을 지나다가 연설회 광고문에 이끌리어 들어가게 되었다. 그 날부터 두 청년은 그 교회의 전덕기(全德基)씨를 알게되었고, 그의 전도로 예수를 믿게 되어 상동교회의 교인이 되었다.
YMCA회원이 된 것은 1960년쯤부터인가 싶다. 왜냐하면 이때부터 월당의 친구인 이필주씨는 YMCA와 상동교회의 공옥학교를 번갈아가면서 학생들에게 체조와 군사훈련을 지도했기 때문이다.
1910년, 때마침 이승만 박사가 미국 프린스턴 대학에서 철학박사 학위를 받고 귀국하여 YMCA학생부 간사로 취임했는데, 월당 선생은 이승만 박사와 손잡고 학생운동에 뛰어들었다. 1912년 6월에 북한산에서 개최된 제 3회 학생 하령회에서는 특별강연을 했다. 이 하령회는 105인 사건관계로 윤치호 회장을 비롯하여 많은 사람들이 잡혀갔고 이승만 박사는 피신해 있을 때에 개최되었던 만큼, 60여명의 참가자들은 통분과 눈물로 지새웠다.
월당 선생은 신흥우, 이여한, 오기선, 차재영, 이상재, 김창제, 최병헌, 장낙도 등 쟁쟁한 한국인 강사들과 그램(W. G. Gram), 빌링스(B. W. Billings), 질레트(P. L. Gillett) 등 5명의 외국인 강사들과 함께 참석했는데, 이 때 그는 두 차례에 걸쳐 열변을 토했다. 그의 열변은 눈물과 의분을 불러 일으켰던 것이다.
또 하나의 투쟁은 1913년 유신회 사건때에 있었다. 유신회(維新會)란 천도교인들의 일진회(一進會)와 흡사한 것으로서 일제가 기독교인들을 돈으로 매수하여 만든 일종의 반동 어용단체였다. 월당 선생에게도 돈을 가지고 접근해 오는 것을 호통을 친 일이 있었는데, 이 유신회 패들이 작당을 하여 YMCA 총회를 지배하려 했던 것이다. 즉 1913년 6월, YMCA 총회가 열렸을 때 김린 부총무 등 유신회 패들은 헌장을 개정하고 이사를 유신회 회원 일색으로 개편하려고 달려들었던 것이다.
그때 월당 선생은 이를 강력한 발언과 지략으로 능히 막아낼 수 있었다. 그는 한석진, 김창제, 남궁억, 홍종숙 등 신앙동지들과 굳게 뭉쳐 그들 중 한명도 이사가 되지 못하도록 저지하는데 성공했다. 만약 이때에 실패했더라면 YMCA도 천도교의 일진회(一進會)와 마찬가지로 매국적인 어용단체가 되고 말았을 것이다.
이 사건이 있은 뒤 월당 선생은 신변이 위험하여 국내에 있을 수가 없었다. 이미 상동교회의 많은 애국투사들은 만주 방면으로 망명을 갔고, YMCA의 이승만, 김규식 등도 미국으로 떠나갔고 YMCA 미국인 총무 질레트(P. L. Gillett)도 국외로 추방을 당하는 판에 어찌 월당인들 신변이 안전했을 것인가?
1913년은 이미 월당이 감리교 협성신학교를 졸업한 뒤였다. 그때는 이미 단순한 독립투사만이 아니었다. 그는 하나님의 사자, 진실한 목회자의 입장이었다. 그러한 입장에서 어찌 남처럼 무력과 폭력만을 능사로 생각할 수 있었겠는가?
그는 몹시 마음이 괴로울 때는 금강산에 들어가 잠시 휴양을 하고 온다면서 집을 떠난일도 있었다. 그러다가 1914년에는 아주 집을 떠났다. 쥐도 새도 모르게, 아내와 외아들을 집에 남겨둔 채로… 그로부터 3년 간 월당은 목회와 독립운동을 병행했다. 만주를 비롯하여 외몽고 내몽고에까지 독립투사들을 찾아다니며 신앙과 애국정신으로 동지들을 위로하고 격려했다. 가끔 국내에 숨어 들어와 군자금 또는 비밀문서를 전달했다. 말하자면 그때 월당은 독립군의 군목인 동시에 연락장교의 구실을 했던 것이다.
1917년 되던 해에 월당은 귀국하여 황해도 해주 문정감리교회의 목사로 취임하게 됐는데, 이 무렵 3.1운동을 맞이하게 되었다. 33인의 민족대표의 한사람으로 잡혀가 검사로부터 심문을 당했을 때 월당은 「사람은 인도․정의․자유에서 생존하는 것인데 우리 조선사람은 자유가 없다. 그리고 조선인은 일본의 식민이 아니다」하며 당당한 태도로 답변을 했던 것이다.
2년 뒤 감옥에서 풀려나 다시 서강교회․상동교회․중국 대련 감리교회 등 목회에 헌신하다가 감옥에서 얻은 지병으로 인해 1937년 3월 14일 63세가 되던 해에 수원 자택에서 고요히 눈을 감으셨다.
-1981.3.1 청년
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